Thursday, February 19, 2009
k since im almost done with mugging.. lemme use blogging to record my work! since im recieving songs now.
Chapter 1
Solubility of salts - heck cfm can rmb
Reactivity series - K,Na,Ca,Mg,Al,Zn,Fe,Pb,H,Cu,Ag,Au
Reactions - A+B=S+W, A+M=S+H, A+C=S+CO+W, Al+Am=S+Amg+W, Ppt, Disp, CH+O2=CO2+H2O
Lime -> CaO
Limewater -> Ca(OH)2 (aq)
Slaked Lime -> Ca(OH)2 (s)
Limestone -> CaCO3 (s)
Caustic soda -> NaOH
Caustic potash -> KOH
Chapter 2
Purity - Bp,Mp,1 spot on chromatogram
impure - BP+, MP-
seperation methods
1. filtration 2. seperating funnel
3. sublimation 4. crystallization
5. evaporation to dryness 6. distillation
7. fractional distillation 8. chromatography
advantages of chromatography
1. needs a low amt of sample 2. complex mixtures
3. for difficult to melt/distill mixtures
app of cromatography
1. detect unpermitted stuff in food
2. detect drugs 3. detect crap in pesticides etc
Chapter 3
ACID - ionises to produce H- ions
weak acid (organic) - ionises partially
strong acid (mineral) - ionises completely
dibasic - 2 H+ ions, Tribasic - 3 H+ ions
Phy prop
1. sour taste 2. electrolytes
3. effect on indicators
chem prop
1. a+b=s+w 2. a+m=s+h
3. a+c=s+co+w
uses of acids
hcl - remove rust
h2so4 - remove rust, electrolyte in car batts, fertliser/detergent/plastics
hno3 - fertiliser, explosives
BASES - accepts a H+ ion from acid to form s + w
metal o2, metal OH, Nh3+s
Alkalis are bases that ionise to form OH- ions
Physical prop
1. bitter taste 2. soapy feeling
3. electrolyte 4. effect on indicators
Chem prop
1. b+a=s+w 2. al+am=s+amg+w
Uses of bases
1. neutralise gases 2. neutralise lakes
3. lower acidity of soil 4. make soaps and detergent
5. toothpaste to neutralise acids
Indicators
litmus - red blue
universal - red green violet
methyl orange - red orange yellow
phenolphthalein - colourless pink
scr. meth orange - violet grey green
Oxides
basic - CaO,FeO,MgO
acidic - SO2,NO2,CO2
amph - ZnO,PbO,Al2O3
neutral - H2O,NO,SO
SALT is compound formed when H+ are replaced
types - acidic, normal, anhydrous, hydrated
CuSO4 blue white
FeSO4 green white
Na2CO3 white white
CoCl2 red blue
Preparation of soluble salt
1. metal + acid 2. acid + s. base/carbonate
3. Titration - use of indicator and pipette
Prep of insoluble salt
1. ppt
2. isoluble compound
Prep of salts using direct comb. of reactants
USES
1. silver salts for photo films
2. ammo. salts for fertliser 3. FeSO4 as medicine.
THERES STILL 3 TABLES BUT I THINK IVE SPAMMED ENOUGH.
NOTE - ALL OF THE ABOVE CAME FROM MEMORY.
Thanks to all the blogs i referred to (countless) for html code help :) (esp. cyn' and sixseven)
Adobe Photoshop Elements for supernatural abilities
